Naloxone, also known as Narcan, is a life-saving medication that can reverse the effects of opioid overdoses. It works by attaching to opioid receptors in the brain, blocking and reversing the effects of opioids like heroin, morphine and oxycodone.
How Naloxone Works
Naloxone quickly restores normal breathing in someone whose breathing has slowed or stopped due to an opioid overdose. It can be administered in two ways:
- Intramuscular (IM) injection: Given into a muscle. (Trained persons only)
- Intranasal (IN) spray: Sprayed into the nose. (Anyone can use)
Common Side Effects
While Naloxone is generally safe, it can cause some side effects, including:
- Irregular heartbeats (arrhythmias)
- Dizziness
- Headache
- High blood pressure (hypertension)
- Low blood pressure (hypotension)
- Nausea
- Vomiting
These side effects are common but should not deter you from using Naloxone in an emergency. The benefits far outweigh the risks.
When to Use Naloxone
Anyone can administer Naloxone, especially the nasal spray form. If you suspect someone is overdosing but are unsure, it’s better to give Naloxone than to wait. It could be the difference between life and death.
What to Expect After Administration
Naloxone works very quickly, which can cause the person to wake up suddenly. They might feel disoriented, agitated, or even aggressive because they were abruptly pulled out of an overdose. Be prepared to calm and reassure them until medical help arrives.
Final Thoughts
Naloxone is a crucial tool in combating the opioid crisis. By understanding how to use it and being aware of its effects, can help you save lives.